NewsStory

Who Makes The Elevators Americans Ride Every Day?

CNBC

Otis, the world's largest elevator company, generates over $14 billion in annual revenue by servicing 2.5 million elevators globally, with over 90% of profits coming from maintenance and modernization rather than new installations. Despite strong long-term growth prospects driven by urbanization and infrastructure modernization, Otis has recently faced stock price headwinds due to service margin declines and China's weakened construction market.

Summary

Otis operates the world's largest elevator business, with installations in iconic structures like the Empire State Building, Eiffel Tower, and Burj Khalifa. The company conducts rigorous testing of its elevators in facilities like its Bristol, Connecticut headquarters, subjecting machines to extreme conditions including salt-fog, dust, and temperature variations to ensure global reliability.

The company's business model is built on recurring revenue from servicing approximately 2.5 million elevators annually across over 200 countries, moving 2.5 billion people daily. Critically, building new elevators generates minimal profit, while the service business—encompassing maintenance, repairs, and modernization—produces over 90% of company profits. This service focus provides predictable, decade-long revenue streams that contrast with the volatility of manufacturing-focused industrials.

Otis identifies four major growth drivers: urbanization in developing markets, digitalization of service operations, mobility needs of aging populations, and global infrastructure modernization. These themes support demand across residential multifamily housing, senior living facilities, hospitals, airports, train stations, data centers, and other infrastructure projects. The company has modernized its service operations by replacing manual tools and manuals with smartphone-based command apps and deploying sensors that enable proactive maintenance before failures occur.

However, Otis has faced recent challenges. Stock performance has lagged the industrial sector over the past year due to service margin compression in the first half of 2026, coinciding with broader market focus on AI-related stocks and uncertainty around tariffs. The company is addressing this by hiring additional mechanics and prioritizing customer retention through enhanced maintenance quality over short-term revenue generation.

China presents a significant headwind. Once accounting for nearly 50% of new elevator installations, China's market has contracted dramatically since peaking around 2021. Construction boomed during the 2000s and pandemic stimulus periods, but government pullback and stricter regulation have reduced China's contribution to less than 20% of new installations. Otis is repositioning China as a mature market focused on service revenue rather than new equipment sales, mirroring its approach in Europe and the US.

The competitive landscape may shift if Finland's Kone successfully acquires Germany's TKK elevator in a nearly $35 billion deal announced in April 2026, which would reduce the major players from four to three. However, this merger faces antitrust challenges from competitor Schindler and regulatory review.

Key Insights

  • Over 90% of Otis's profits come from servicing elevators rather than building new ones, making the company a service-led business with predictable multi-decade revenue streams that should theoretically command premium valuations
  • China's new elevator market has contracted from nearly 50% of Otis's global new installations at its peak to less than 20%, representing roughly half the 2021 market size due to government pullback on construction stimulus and stricter regulation
  • Otis deliberately reduced service margins in the first half of 2026 by hiring more mechanics and focusing on higher-quality maintenance and customer retention rather than revenue-producing activities to address service quality issues
  • Otis has modernized from mechanics carrying manual service tools and thick reference manuals into the machine room to using smartphone-based command apps that enable real-time vibration analysis and proactive identification of problems before failures occur
  • The market's one-dimensional focus on AI thematic has caused capital to flow toward data center industrials with multi-year backlogs rather than Otis's stable but less flashy service-based business model, despite Otis's long-term structural growth drivers

Topics

Otis elevator company business model and revenue streamsService and maintenance as primary profit driverGlobal urbanization and infrastructure modernization opportunitiesRecent service margin challenges and operational adjustmentsChina market decline and portfolio rebalancingCompetitive landscape and potential merger of Kone and TKKTechnological modernization of service operationsInvestor sentiment and stock valuation challenges

Transcript

[0:01] So this is the salt-fog machine, right? There's humidity, salt, temperature, rusting. The elevator has to operate under all of those conditions. In the middle of Bristol, Connecticut in a 28 story building. Otis, the largest elevator company in the world, tests its elevators. This is a dust chamber, which we have sandstorms and those kinds of things coming in. And we want to make sure that system operates under those conditions as well. Otis elevators installed in buildings all across the world. Some of the most famous include the Space [0:31] Needle, the Eiffel Tower, the Burj Khalifa, and of course, the Empire State Building. This right here is the machine that was first installed in the Empire…

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