Pharmacology 6th Semester 2 Marks Important Questions | B Pharm 6th Semester

The video is a guided walkthrough of important 2-mark questions for B.Pharmacy 6th Semester Pharmacology, presented in Hindi. The instructor begins by informing students that while video explanations are being provided for Pharmacology, PDF materials for other subjects will be available on the Telegram channel, as the priority is completing remaining 4th and 5th unit syllabus videos first.

Unit 1 topics covered include: drugs used in COPD management (salbutamol, terbutaline, formoterol, theophylline, aminophylline), anticholinergics (atropine, ipratropium) and their mechanism of blocking acetylcholine, digestants (pepsin, diastase, papain), nasal decongestants (oxymetazoline, xylometazoline), emetics (apomorphine, ipecac syrup, copper sulfate) and their use in poisoning/food poisoning cases, etiology of asthma (smoking, cold/dry air, air pollution, food chemicals, genetic history, medications), appetite stimulants acting on the hypothalamic hunger center, and expectorants vs antitussives for wet vs dry cough respectively.

Unit 2 covers chemotherapy (strong chemical drugs used in cancer treatment that target rapidly dividing cells), antibiotics classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic (penicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, tetracycline), adverse effects of penicillin (allergic reactions, rash, itching, anaphylaxis, diarrhea), cephalosporins and their uses in various bacterial infections, adverse effects of chloramphenicol (bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, grey baby syndrome), and sulfonamides mechanism (inhibiting folic acid synthesis in bacteria, thereby blocking DNA synthesis) along with side effects like allergic reactions, photosensitivity, crystalluria, and hemolytic anemia.

Unit 3 discusses acyclovir as an antiviral agent that inhibits viral DNA polymerase and causes chain termination by incorporating itself into the growing DNA chain after activation by viral enzymes. Antimalarial drugs covered include chloroquine, quinine, primaquine, and artesunate. Leprosy treatment uses a combination of dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Chemical classification of antimalarials is briefly mentioned, and anti-tubercular agents are classified into first-line drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol — given as a 4-drug combination for 9-11 months) and second-line drugs used in multi-drug resistant TB. Anti-amoebic drugs (metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, iodoquinol) and anthelmintics for treating various worm infections (pinworm, hookworm, filarial worm, tapeworm, roundworm) are also mentioned.

Unit 4 covers monoclonal antibodies in detail — explaining epitopes on antigen surfaces, how specific B cells produce specific antibodies, and how cloning a single B cell type produces monoclonal antibodies (versus polyclonal). Their applications include cancer cell targeting, autoimmune diseases, diagnostics, and targeted drug delivery. Biosimilars are explained as the biological equivalent of generic drugs — highly similar but not identical to original biologics (like insulin) due to the variability inherent in living-organism-based production, available after patent expiry of the original biologic. Immunostimulants and immunosuppressants, malignancy (abnormal uncontrolled cell growth that invades nearby tissues), and protein drugs (insulin, erythropoietin, monoclonal antibodies) are also briefly discussed.

Unit 5 focuses on toxicology: genotoxicity (damage to DNA/genetic material), teratogenicity (birth defects caused during pregnancy), barbiturate poisoning symptoms (CNS depression, drowsiness, respiratory depression), heavy metal poisoning (lead and mercury), carcinogenicity (ability of a substance to cause cancer), chronopharmacology (how the body's biological clock/circadian rhythm affects drug action — e.g., prescribing antihypertensives at night because BP tends to rise in the morning), mutagenicity (DNA mutations leading to abnormal cell growth), and acute vs chronic toxicity (immediate vs long-term toxic effects).